A Superb British Light Dragoon Regimental Sword. 21st LD. The Regiment's Colonel Was One Of the Most Famous & Infamous American Revolutionary War's British Light Dragoon Commanders, Colonel {Later Brevet General} Banastre Tarleton

A very good King George IIIrd regimental trooper's issue sabre, in very nice condition, and regimentaly marked for the 21st Light Dragoons, the spine bears the maker’s details, “JosH H. Reddell & Co.” Joseph Hadley Reddell was a Napoleonic War's Birmingham maker, a noted supplier of swords to the British Government Board of Ordnance.

Famous in England due to his exploits in the Americas, and at the same time, infamous to Americans, due to his reputation for given what was known as 'Tarleton’s Quarter' to the surrendered, which was effectively 'No Quarter Offered'.

Between 1806 and 1816, under Col. Tarleton’s Command, the 21st LD was stationed in Cape Colony. While stationed here it sent men to the 1807 Battle of Montevideo in South America, as well as sending men to Barbados between 1808 and 1809. In 1816 it sent men to the Capture of Tristan de Cunha, due to Napoleon's incarceration there in late 1815. Saint Helena {Napoleon Bonaparte's island of exile}, is one of the three constituent parts of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, a remote British overseas territory.

During the Napoleonic wars, under the command of Banastre Tarleton, the regiment uniquely had four black enlisted volunteer regimental trumpeters, three from the West Indies and one American.
In the course of the colonial war in North America, Cornet Tarleton's campaign service during 1776 earned him the position of brigade major at the end of the year; he was twenty-two years old. He was promoted to captain on 13 June 1778. Major Tarleton was at the Battle of Brandywine and at other battles in the campaigns of 1777 and 1778. One such battle, in 1778, was an attack upon a communications outpost on Signal Hill in Easttown Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, which was guarded by troops commanded by Capt. Henry Lee III, of the Continental Army, who repulsed the British attack
Tarleton materially helped Cornwallis to win the Battle of Camden in August 1780. On 22 August, he was promoted to major in the 79th Regiment of Foot (Royal Liverpool Volunteers). He defeated Thomas Sumter at Fishing Creek, aka "Catawba Fords", but was less successful when he encountered the same general at Blackstock's Farm in November 1780.
On 29 May 1780, Colonel Tarleton, with a force of 149 mounted soldiers, overtook a detachment of 350 to 380 Virginia Continentals, led by Colonel Abraham Buford. Buford rejected Tarleton's invitation to surrender on essentially the same terms as the Charles Town garrison. The Continentals continued marching, not preparing for battle until they heard their rear guard in action. Only after sustaining many casualties did Buford order the American soldiers to surrender. Nonetheless, Tarleton's forces ignored the white flag and massacred the soldiers of Buford's detachment; 113 American soldiers were killed, 203 were captured, and 150 were severely wounded. The British army casualties were 5 soldiers killed and 12 soldiers wounded. From the perspective of the British Army, the affair of the massacre is known as the Battle of Waxhaw Creek. In that time, the American rebels used the phrase "Tarleton's quarter" (shooting after surrender) as meaning "no quarter offered".

Forty years later, Robert Brownfield, a surgeon’s mate in the Second South Carolina Regiment at the time of the battle, wrote an account. He said that Colonel Buford raised the white flag of surrender to the British Legion, "expecting the usual treatment sanctioned by civilized warfare"; yet, while Buford called for quarter, Colonel Tarleton's horse was shot with a musket ball, felling horse and man. On seeing that, the Loyalist cavalrymen believed that the Virginia Continentals had shot their commander – while they asked him for mercy. Enraged, the Loyalist troops attacked the Virginians and "commenced a scene of indiscriminate carnage never surpassed by the ruthless atrocities of the most barbarous savages"; in the aftermath, the British Legion soldiers killed wounded American soldiers where they lay.

Tarleton's account, published in 1787, said that his horse had been shot from under him, and that his soldiers, thinking him dead, engaged in "a vindictive asperity not easily restrained".

Regardless of the extent to which they were true or false, the reports of British atrocities motivated Whig-leaning colonials to support the American Revolution. On 7 October 1780, at the Battle of Kings Mountain, South Carolina, soldiers of the Continental Army, having heard of the slaughter at Waxhaw Creek, killed American Loyalists who had surrendered after a sniper killed their British commanding officer, Maj. Patrick Ferguson.

On 17 January 1781, Tarleton's forces were virtually destroyed by American Brigadier General Daniel Morgan at the Battle of Cowpens. Tarleton and about 200 men escaped the battlefield.

Lieutenant Colonel William Washington commanded the rebel cavalry; to deprive the rebels of leadership he was targeted by the British commander and two of his men. Tarleton was stopped by Washington himself, who attacked him with his sabre, calling out, "Where is now the boasting Tarleton?" A cornet of the 17th, Thomas Patterson, rode up to strike Washington but was shot and killed by Washington's orderly trumpeter.

Washington survived this assault and in the process wounded Tarleton's right hand with a sabre blow, while Tarleton creased Washington's knee with a pistol shot that also wounded his horse. Washington pursued Tarleton for sixteen miles, but gave up the chase when he came to the plantation of Adam Goudylock near Thicketty Creek. Tarleton was able to escape capture by forcing Goudylock to serve as a guide.

Tarleton continued to serve in the British Army and was promoted to colonel on 22 November 1790, to major-general on 4 October 1794 and to lieutenant-general on 1 January 1801. Whilst on service in Portugal, Tarleton succeeded William Henry Vane, 3rd Earl of Darlington as colonel of the Princess of Wales's Fencible Dragoons in 1799. Tarleton was appointed colonel of the 21st Light Dragoons on 24 July 1802. He was brevetted to general on 1 January 1812. He had hoped to be appointed to command British forces in the Peninsular War, but the position was instead given to Wellington. He held a military command in Ireland and another in England.

Trumpeter Andrew John Baptiste was born in the West Indies c.1780 (one source gives his birthplace as ‘Mandingo, Africa’). He enlisted in the 21st in July 1799. On enlistment he was 5/3 and ¼” tall with a black complexion, black eyes and black hair. A labourer by occupation, he was discharged, being invalided, at the Cape (South Africa), in July 1817. He is not recorded as being paid a pension, so it is likely that he was either simply discharged or received a gratuity.His surname was rendered as Babtiste and Bapliste. The Mandingo tribe Bissau.

Trumpeter Samuel Campbell was born in St Domingo c.1783. He enlisted in the 21st in October 1800. On enlistment he was 5/7 and ½” tall with a black complexion, black eyes, black hair and was a carpenter by occupation. A married man, he had probably met his wife Margaret (nee’ Roque), whilst the regiment was serving in Ireland. Their son, also named Samuel, was baptised in Woodbridge, Suffolk, when the regiment was quartered there in March 1805. He died in February 1812, serving in the latter stages of the 4th Xhosa War. Credit of £1/14s/1d was paid to his wife, Margaret, in Limerick, Ireland.

Private La Fleur Crittee was born in Pon-di-Cherry, East Indies c.1779. (Puducherry, India). He enlisted in the 21st in August 1805. On enlistment he was 5/11” tall with a black complexion, black eyes and black hair. A servant by occupation, he died in November 1815, whilst the regiment was serving in the Cape (South Africa). Sources: Forename also rendered as La Flean, and surname as Cartter, Cretie and Crittie.

Trumpeter Samuel Thomas was born in St Vincent c.1778. He enlisted in the 21st in March 1799. On enlistment he was 5/5” tall with a black complexion, black eyes and black hair. Invalided at the Cape (South Africa) in July 1817, he transferred to the Cape Cavalry. Discharged as a Trumpeter on a pension “being worn out”, in January 1821, he was described as being of “very good character”.

Trumpeter John Williams was born in Baltimore, USA c.1783. He enlisted in the 21st in September 1806. On enlistment he was 5/6” tall with a black complexion, black eyes and black hair. A labourer by occupation, he was discharged in the Cape, (South Africa), in June 1817.

No scabbard.
Painting in the gallery of the IV Light Dragoons and their black trumpeter.

Code: 25554